The 10-year plan will also focus on moving care out of hospitals and into the community.
The government said local neighbourhood health centres, where patients can access GP, district nursing, physios and testing all under one roof, will form part of this.
But it said it wanted to hear from the public about their own ideas for change as part of the national conversation.
The public engagement exercise began on Monday, with the launch of website change.nhs.uk.
Health Secretary Wes Streeting said: “The NHS is going through the worst crisis in its history but, while the NHS is broken, it’s not beaten. Together we can fix it.
“Whether you use the NHS or work in it, you see first hand what’s great but also what isn’t working. We need your ideas to help turn the NHS around.”
Patients Association chief executive Rachel Power said she “warmly welcomes” the initiative.
She said: “For far too long, many patients have felt their voices weren’t fully heard in shaping the health service.
“This national conversation marks a significant step towards genuine patient partnership and puts patients at the heat of the NHS’s evolution.”
RCN general secretary Prof Nicola Ranger said it was vital NHS staff got involved too.
But she said any future plans would need “new investment”.
Yet within hours of the public engagement exercise’s launch, the Department of Health told the BBC that officials were having to remove or hide material that was “clearly inappropriate or irrelevant”.
Some of the suggested changes from the public included putting beer on tap in hospitals, and placing Arsenal manager Mikel Arteta in charge.
Next week the government is expected to set out extra funding for this winter and next year when Chancellor Rachel Reeves unveils her Budget.